The current role of lipoprotein apheresis in the context of new recommendations for hypolipidemic pharmacotherapy
Authors:
Vladimír Bláha 1; Miriam Lánská 2; Jan Piťha 3; Michal Vrablík 4; Milan Bláha 2
Published in:
AtheroRev 2024; 9(2): 81-91
Category:
Reviews
Overview
Background: Lipoprotein apheresis (LA) is a very effective, time-consuming and costly method of lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lipoprotein(a) – Lp(a) and other apoB-containing lipoproteins, including triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. This method was first used almost 50 years ago and has long been a “last resort” therapy for dyslipidemias that cannot otherwise be addressed. In recent years, new, highly effective hypolipidemic agents have been developed and the purpose of this review is to define the role of lipoprotein apheresis in the current context. Discussion of the problem: Lipoprotein apheresis still plays an important role in the treatment of patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) and some patients with other forms of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In particular, patients who fail to achieve therapeutic goals despite modern hypolipidemic drug therapy, either because they are intolerant or the therapeutic response is inadequate. Lp(a) is another important cardiovascular risk factor besides LDL-C, and lipoprotein apheresis is also used to reduce lipoprotein(a) concentrations in patients with significant elevations of Lp(a) and cardiovascular disease. However, there is considerable heterogeneity in the recommendations of scientific authorities regarding which groups of patients should be treated with lipoprotein apheresis. Conclusion. Recommendations of professional societies indicate treatment with conventional and modern hypolipidemic agents before starting lipoprotein apheresis therapy and simultaneously with apheresis to reduce and achieve target LDL-C levels. LA does not need to precede drug therapy; on the contrary, clinical trials have shown the possibility of weaning from LA when using investigational new drugs. The combined use of lipoprotein apheresis and novel hypolipidemics (PCSK9 inhibitors, lomitapide and evinacumab) offers a valuable therapeutic approach for patients with difficult-to-control LDL-C levels. Lipoprotein apheresis remains an important tool for the treatment of patients with severe treatment-resistant dyslipidemias, especially those with homozygous FH.
Keywords:
lipoprotein apheresis – Atherosclerosis – heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) – homozygous famili-al hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH) – hypolipidemic drug therapy – cardiovascular risk –lipoprotein(a)
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